Kidney disease is a global public health problem, affecting over 750 million persons worldwide. In many settings, rates of kidney disease and the provision of its care are defined by socio-economic, cultural, and political factors leading to significant disparities. World Kidney Day 2019 offers an opportunity to raise awareness of kidney disease and highlight disparities in its burden and current state of global capacity for prevention and management.

We herein report two patients who underwent Leadbetter-Politano ureterocystoneostomy whose ureters were passed through sigmoid colon during operation. Presentations and treatment strategies of these patients were discussed.

Staphylococcus aureus rarely causes pyelonephritis or cystitis in children. S. aureus-induced urinary tract infection usually develops after an instrumentation or secondary causes such as renal abscess, osteomyelitis or bacterial endocarditis. Additionally, urinary tract colonization by S. aureus may also be the source of staphylococcal bacteremia associated with urinary tract abnormalities and vesicoureteral reflux. Here, a 5-year-old boy with urinary tract anomaly detected S. aureus in both blood and urine cultures. Diagnosis and treatment process of the patient were presented.

The exstrophy-epispadias complex is a rare and difficult to treat condition, whose best management involves the participation of multidisciplinary teams. Because those patients’ penis is short, with a broad basis and, usually, with dorsal chordee, there is an important demand to improve its esthetical appearance and to enlarge it. We present the case of a patient who underwent the construction of an abdominal wall flap that considerably improved the penile appearance and enlarged it by approximately 4 cm.

Thrombosis of an extraspermatic blood vessel has been reported to be an unusual cause of acute scrotum. We describe the case of a 7-year-old boy who presented with an acute painful left scrotal swelling. Imaging demonstrated a heterogeneous left scrotal mass, which was surgically resected. The anatomopathologic study revealed a thrombosed vascular structure. Three months later, another extraspermatic venous thrombosis occurred and was also resected. A complete thrombophilia study was done. A G20210A prothrombin gene heterozygous mutation was identified as the cause of the thrombotic event. A venous thrombosis should be considered as a possible cause of acute scrotum in European Caucasian patients, due to its increased prevalence. We reviewed the G20210A prothrombin gene mutation, which is associated with thrombosis.